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Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience difficulties developing secure attachment relationships due to impairments in emotional communication, social reciprocity, and caregiver responsiveness. While Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is well established as an effective intervention for reducing disruptive behaviors and improving parent–child interactions, its potential impact on attachment-related outcomes within ASD populations remains insufficiently examined. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the effects of PCIT on attachment-related constructs in children with ASD, including child compliance, mutual responsiveness, and caregiver–child relational quality. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, electronic searches were conducted across four major databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2024. A total of seven documents met the inclusion criteria, six conducted in the United States and one in Iran, with participant samples representing diverse ethnic backgrounds including White, Black, and Hispanic families. Although attachment was not the primary outcome in most included studies, all assessed dimensions are theoretically linked to attachment security, such as parental sensitivity, dyadic synchrony, and child behavioral responsiveness. Findings suggest that PCIT, particularly in ASD-adapted formats, may positively influence caregiver–child relationship quality and support the development of secure attachment. This review highlights a critical gap in the literature and underscores the need for future research employing formal attachment measures and longitudinal designs to clarify PCIT’s broader relational benefits for families affected by ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder; Parent–child Interaction Therapy; Attachment; Care-giver–child relationship; Parent-mediated intervention
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The Effect of Parent–child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) on Attachment Relationships in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
How to cite this paper: Yichi Zhang. (2025). The Effect of Parent–child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) on Attachment Relationships in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Studies, 1(2), 50-61.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/jpbs.2025.12.001