Keywords

Euphrates; reservoirs; salinization; sodification; waterlogging; irrigation return flow; Lake Assad; Harran Plain; Haditha Dam

References

[1] UN-ESCWA & BGR. Inventory of shared water resources in Western Asia: Euphrates River Basin. United Nations; 2013.

https://www.unescwa.org/publications/inventory-shared-water-resources-western-asia

[2] Kattan Z. Estimation of evaporation and irrigation return flow in arid areas using stable isotopes (Euphrates, Syria). J Arid Environ. 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.10.011 

[3] Majar A, Daoud M, Barakat H, Ozon M, Fatoum M. The effect of Al-Assad Reservoir on the change of soils chemical properties in Al-Kreen Reservation in the semi-arid climate zone. 10th Conference of GCSAR; 2014 Apr 27-28; Damascus.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323264611

[4] Akça S, Gungor O. Semantic segmentation of soil salinity using in-situ EC measurements and a deep learning-based U-NET architecture. Science Direct Vol 218. Catena. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106529

[5] Bahçeci İ. Impacts of Different Drainage Managements on Water Saving, Salt Balance and Nutrients Losses in the Harran Plain, South East Turkey. Soil Study. Vol %, number 1.
https://www.soilstudies.org/uploads/pdf_178.pdf

[6] Rahi K, Halihan T. Changes in the salinity of the Euphrates River system in Iraq. Reg. Environ. Change. 2010;10(1):27-35.

DOI: 10.1007/s10113-009-0083-y.

[7] Jalal AD, Al Ani Y, Thameel SS, Ismael ZM. Study of the Euphrates River’s Water Quality in Front of and Behind the Haditha Dam in Anbar Province, Iraq. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2023;1222 012042. 

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1222/1/012042 

[8] Alhamd ADS, Ibrahim MA. Unveiling soil and groundwater salinity dynamics and its impact on date palm yield in Southern Basrah, Iraq. DySONA Appl Sci. 2024.
https://dysona.org/index.php/appliedscience/article/view/104

[9] Singh A. Alternative management options for irrigation-induced salinization and waterlogging under different climatic conditions. Ecol. Indic. 2018;90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.014

[10] NASA Earth Observatory. Freshwater stores shrank in the Tigris–Euphrates Basin (GRACE). 2013.

https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/freshwater-stores-shrank-in-tigris-euphrates-basin-80613/

[11] Shapland G. Water Security in Iraq. London School of Economics; 2023. 

https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/119442/1/230501_WATER_SEC_IN_IRAQ_REPORT_non_sensitive_version.pdf

[12] UN ESCWA. Inventory of shared water resources in Western Asia. Euphrates River Basin chapter. 2013.  

hhttps://waterinventory.org/sites/waterinventory.org/files/chapters/Chapter-01-Euphrates-River-Basin-web.pdf

[13] Voss KA, Famiglietti JS, Lo M, et al. Groundwater depletion in the Middle East from GRACE with implications for transboundary water management in the Tigris-Euphrates-Western Iran region. 2013. DOI: 10.1002/wrcr.20078.