TOTAL VIEWS: 8295
The present study was conducted with the objective to enhance the Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory activity of indigenous cattle milk through supplementation with various herbal extracts. The fermented milk supplemented with aqueous extracts of fruits of harad (Terminalia chebula), baheda (Terminalia bellirica), amla (Phyllanthus emblica) and bark of arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) were evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity. Maximum (37.92±0.72%) ACE inhibitory activity was observed in pepsin-digest of fermented milk containing aqueous harad extract, whereas minimum (25.37±0.59%) ACE inhibitory activity was observed in fermented milk containing aqueous extract of amla. Undigested samples of fermented milk containing aqueous arjuna extract exhibited significantly higher ACE inhibitory activity (19.70±0.58%), followed by amla (17.00±0.70%), and baheda (16.59± 0.94%). Fermented milk containing aqueous harad extract had significantly lower value (14.97±0.62%). No significant difference was found between fermented milk containing aqueous extracts amla and extracts of baheda. Based on the results described above, we surmise that herbal supplemented fermented milk had better antihypertensive activity.
[1] Ibrahim, H. R., Ahmed, A. S., Miyata, T. (2017). Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from caseins and whey proteins of goat milk. Journal of Advanced Research, 8: 63-71.
[2] Collins, R., MacMahon, S. (1994). Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risks of stroke and of coronary heart disease. British Medical Bulletin, 50: 272-298.
[3] Collins, R., Peto, R., MacMahon, S., Hebert, P., Fiebach, N. H., Eberlein, K. A. (1990). Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Lancet, 335(8693): 827-838.
[4] Duprez, D., Helshoecht, P. V., Eynde, W. V., Leeman, M. (2002). Prevalance of hypertension in the adult population of Belgium: Report of a worksite study, Attention Hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension, 16: 47-52.
[5] James, P. A., Oparil, S., Carter, B. L., Cushman, W. C., Dennisonhimmelfarb, C., Handler, J., Lackland, D. T., LeFevre, M. L., MacKenzie, T. D., Ogedegbe, O. (2014). Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 311: 507-520.
[6] Grandi, A. M., Gaudio, G., Fachinetti, A., Bianchi, L., Nardo, B., Zanzi, P., Ceriani, L., Guasti, L., Venco, A. (1996). Hyper-insulinemia, family history of hypertension, and essential hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, 9: 732-738.
[7] Cushman, D. W., Cheung, H. S. (1971). Spectrophotometric assay and properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme of rabbit lung. Biochemical Pharmacology, 20: 1637-1638.
[8] Skeggs, L. T., Kahn, J. R., Shumway, N. P. (1956). The preparation and function of the hypertension-converting enzyme. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 103: 295-299.
[9] Ondetti, M. A., Rubin, B., Cushman, D. W. (1977). Design of specific inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: New class of orally active antihypertensive agents. Science, 196: 441-444.
[10] Nakamura, Y., Masuda, O., Takano, T. (1996). Decrease of tissue angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity upon feeding sour milk in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 60: 488-489.
[11] Pihlanto-Leppala, A. (2001). Bioactive peptides derived from bovine whey proteins: Opioid and ACE-inhibitory peptides. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 11: 347-356.
[12] Leclerc, P. L., Gauthier, S. F., Bachelardb, H., Santure, M., Roy, D. (2002). Antihypertensive activity of casein-enriched milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus. International Dairy Journal, 12: 995-1004.
[13] Angelo, A., Marco, C. (2001). Drug-induced angioedema without urticarial. Drug Safety, 24: 599-606.
[14] Chen, J., Wang, Y., Ye, R., Wu, Y., Xia, W. (2013). Comparison of analytical methods to assay inhibitors of angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Food Chemistry, 141: 3329-3334.
[15] Matsui, T., Matsufuji, H., Osajima, Y. (1992). Colorimetric measurement of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity with trinitrobenzene sulfonate. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56: 517-518.
[16] Maruyama, S., Mitachi, H., Awaya, J., Kurono, M., Tomizuka, N., Suzuki, H. (2006). Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of the C-terminal hexapeptide of αs1-casein. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 51: 2557-2561.
[17] Hernandezledesma, B., Recio, I., Ramos, M., Amigo, L. (2002). Preparation of ovine and caprine β-lactoglobulin hydrolysates with ACE-inhibitory activity. Identification of active peptides from caprine β-lactoglobulin hydrolysed with thermolysin. International Dairy Journal, 12: 805-812.
[18] Daskaya-Dikmen, C., Yucetepe, A., Karbancioglu-Guler, F., Daskaya, H., Ozcelik, B. (2017). Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides from plants. Nutrients, 9(4): 316. doi: 10.3390/nu9040316. PMID: 28333109; PMCID: PMC5409655.
[19] Padghan, P., Mann, B., Sharma, R., Bajaj, R., Saini, P. (2017). Production of Angiotensin-I-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptides in Fermented Milks (Lassi) Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophillus with Consideration of Incubation Period and Simmering Treatment. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 23: 69-79.
[20] Gouda, K. G. M., Gowda, L. R., Rao, A. G. A., Prakash, V. (2006). Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from Glycinin, the 11S Globulin of Soybean (Glycine Max). Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 54: 4568-4573.
[21] Iwaniak, A., Minkiewicz, P., Darewicz, M. (2014). Food-Originating ACE Inhibitors, Including Antihypertensive Peptides, as Preventive Food Components in Blood Pressure Reduction. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13: 114-134.
[22] Boschin, G., Scigliuolo, G. M., Resta, D., Arnoldi, A. (2014). ACE-Inhibitory Activity of Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysates from Lupin and Other Legumes. Food Chemistry, 145: 34-40.
[23] Parrot, S., Degraeve, D., Couria, C., and Martial-Gros, A. (2003). In vitro study on digestion of peptides in Emmental cheese: Analytical evaluation and influence on angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Nahrung/Food, 47: 87-94.
[24] Jimsheena, V. K., Gowda, L. R. (2009). Colorimetric, high-throughput assay for screening Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors. Analytical Chemistry, 81(22), 9388-9394.
[25] Loizzo, M. R., Said, A., Tundis, R., Rashed, K., Statti, G. A,, Hufnerm A., Menichini, F. (2007). Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by flavonoids isolated from Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb) (Simaroubaceae). Phytotherapy Research, 21(1): 32-36. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2008. PMID: 17072829.
[26] Nyman, U., Joshi, P., Madsen, L., Pedersen, T. B., Pinstrup, M., Rajasekharan, S., George, V., Pushpangadan, P. (1998). Ethnomedical information and in-vitro screening for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition of plants utilized as traditional medicines in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Kerala (India). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 60: 247-263.
Antihypertensive Activity of Fermented Milk Containing Various Aqueous Herbal Extracts
How to cite this paper: Kanik, Gauri Jairath, Birbal Singh, Jyoti B. Dhar, Rinku Sharma, Devi Gopinath, Neelam Sharma, Gorakh Mal. (2021) Antihypertensive Activity of Fermented Milk Containing Various Aqueous Herbal Extracts. International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 5(2), 326-331.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2021.06.018