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Article http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2026.03.008

Organic Fertilizers: Alternative or Complement to Chemical Fertilizers

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Boshra Khozam1, Mohammad Manhal Al-Zoubi2, Tammam Yaghi3,*

1Al-Wataniya Private University, Hama 013, Syria.

2General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Natural Resources Research Administration, Damascus 011, Syria.

3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050107, Romania.

*Corresponding author: Tammam Yaghi

Published: March 25,2026

Abstract

Organic fertilizers, derived from the decomposition of plant and animal materials, are considered a sustainable option for improving soil structure and fertility over the long term. In contrast, chemical (synthetic) fertilizers provide readily available nutrients that are rapidly absorbed by plants, leading to immediate increases in productivity; however, they may negatively affect soil health over time. This study compiles results from 12 long-term field experiments (2006-2021) conducted across various regions of Syria to evaluate the agricultural effectiveness of organic fertilizers as either alternatives or supplements to chemical fertilizers in diverse farming systems. The duration of each experiment ranged from one to four years and involved the use of different types of organic fertilizers, biochar, and biogas slurry at varying application levels compared with commonly used mineral fertilizers. The results indicated that integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers produced yields equal to or greater than chemical fertilizers alone in 75% of cereal and legume experiments. Meanwhile, organic fertilization alone was optimal for improving fruit quality indicators and soil organic matter in perennial crops. The findings support context-specific integrated nutrient management strategies, where organic fertilizers form the foundation of soil health and can reduce reliance on mineral fertilizers without compromising yield in many systems.

Keywords

Organic fertilizers; chemical fertilizers; biogas slurry; plant traits; biochar; soil health

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How to cite this paper

Organic Fertilizers: Alternative or Complement to Chemical Fertilizers

How to cite this paper: Boshra Khozam, Mohammad Manhal Al-Zoubi, Tammam Yaghi. (2026) Organic Fertilizers: Alternative or Complement to Chemical Fertilizers. International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture10(1), 68-79.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2026.03.008